Search results for "body constitution"

showing 10 items of 50 documents

Condition-dependent effects of corticosterone on a carotenoid-based begging signal in house sparrows

2008

International audience; Begging is a complex display involving a variety of different visual and auditory signals. Parents are thought to use these signals to adjust their investment in food provisioning. The mechanisms that ensure the honesty of begging displays as indicators of need have been recently investigated. It has been shown that levels of corticosterone (Cort), the hormone released during the stress response, increase during food shortage and are associated with an increased begging rate. In a recent study in house sparrows, although exogenous Cort increased begging rate, parents did not accordingly adjust their provisioning rate. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Cort might af…

0106 biological sciences01 natural sciencesNesting BehaviorFight-or-flight responseBehavioral Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologyCorticosteroneAdaptation PsychologicalBeggingpolycyclic compoundsHouse sparrowCarotenoidchemistry.chemical_classificationCarotenoid0303 health sciencesFlange colorationPigmentationPoor body conditionhumanities[ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global ChangesSparrowshormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsmedicine.medical_specialtyendocrine system[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global ChangesParent–offspring conflictBiologyAffect (psychology)010603 evolutionary biology03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicinemedicinePasser domesticusAnimalsImmune responseCondition dependent030304 developmental biologyMouth[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyEndocrine and Autonomic SystemsFeeding BehaviorCarotenoids[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and SocietyAnimal CommunicationEndocrinologychemistryImmune SystemBody ConstitutionParent–offspring conflict[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyFood DeprivationCorticosteronePhotic Stimulation[ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
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Early developmental conditions affect stress response in juvenile but not in adult house sparrows (Passer domesticus).

2009

6 pages; International audience; The short- and long-term consequences of developmental conditions on fitness have received growing attention because the environmental conditions during early life may influence growth, condition at independence, recruitment, reproductive success or survival. We tested here, in a natural house sparrow population, if early conditions during nestling stage affected the stress response of the birds (i) shortly after fledging and (ii) next year, during their first breeding. We experimentally manipulated brood size to mimic different rearing conditions, creating reduced (-2 chicks) and enlarged broods (+2 chicks), while in a third group brood size was not manipul…

0106 biological sciencesAvian clutch sizeEarly conditionmedia_common.quotation_subject[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global ChangesPopulationZoologyBiologyBreeding010603 evolutionary biology01 natural sciencesNesting Behavior03 medical and health sciencesEndocrinologyStress Physiologicalbiology.animal[ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/SymbiosisPasser domesticusJuvenileAnimalsBody SizeeducationHouse sparrowreproductive and urinary physiology030304 developmental biologymedia_common0303 health scienceseducation.field_of_study[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologySparrowReproductive successEcologyFledgeClutch Size[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and SocietyBroodStress protocobehavior and behavior mechanismsBody ConstitutionAnimal Science and ZoologyReproduction[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyCorticosteroneBrood size manipulationSparrows[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/SymbiosisGeneral and comparative endocrinology
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The asexual enchytraeid worm Cognettia sphagnetorum (Oligochaeta) has increased Cu resistance in polluted soil

2001

We studied Cu resistance in the asexual (reproduction through fragmentation) enchytraeid worms (Cognettia sphagnetorum, Oligochaeta) originating from two sites: one uncontaminated, and another contaminated by heavy metals. Adult worms were smaller and population density was lower at the polluted site. However, adults from the contaminated site had better survival in Cu-contaminated soil, but lower survival as juveniles (fragments). As we do not know the genetic basis of Cu resistance of the worms, it may have been reached by acclimatization via induced Cu regulation. Because fragmentation is the only mode of reproduction, all phenotypic properties (including resistance) of a parental genera…

0106 biological sciencesHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesismedia_common.quotation_subjectPopulation DynamicsDrug ResistanceAsexual reproduction010501 environmental sciencesToxicology010603 evolutionary biology01 natural sciencesAcclimatizationPopulation densityReproduction AsexualBotanyAnimalsSoil PollutantsOligochaeta0105 earth and related environmental sciencesmedia_commonFragmentation (reproduction)biologyGeneral MedicineEnchytraeidaebiology.organism_classificationAdaptation PhysiologicalSurvival AnalysisPollutionSoil contaminationOligochaetaBody ConstitutionReproductionCopperEnvironmental Pollution
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Heterozygosity-fitness correlations in adult and juvenile Zenaida Dove, Zenaida aurita.

2013

10 pages; International audience; Understanding how fitness is related to genetic variation is of crucial importance in both evolutionary ecology and conservation biology. We report a study of heterozygosity-fitness correlations in a wild, noninbred population of Zenaida Doves, Zenaida aurita, based on a sample comprising 489 individuals (382 adults and 107 juveniles) typed at 13 microsatellite loci, resulting in a data set comprising 5793 genotypes. In both adults and juveniles, and irrespective of sex, no evidence was found for an effect of either multilocus or single-locus heterozygosity on traits potentially related to fitness such as foraging tactic, competitive ability, and fluctuatin…

0106 biological sciencesZenaida dovesPopulation Dynamics01 natural sciencesFluctuating asymmetryLinkage DisequilibriumLoss of heterozygosityGenetics (clinical)0303 health scienceseducation.field_of_studyLikelihood FunctionsEcology[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]Age Factorsoutbreeding depressionmultilocus heterozygosity[ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]body conditionBiotechnologyZenaida auritaHeterozygoteGenotypeOutbreeding depressionPopulationForagingZoologyBarbadosBiology010603 evolutionary biology03 medical and health sciencesGeneticsJuvenileAnimals14. Life underwatereducationColumbidaeMolecular Biology030304 developmental biologyPopulation Density[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyModels GeneticGenetic Variationisland populationmicrosatellite markersbiology.organism_classificationGenetics PopulationBody ConstitutionGenetic Fitness[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyMicrosatellite Repeats
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Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet During Pregestational and Gestational Periods Affects Hypothalamic and Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Levels…

2016

Journal Article; Exposure to unbalanced diets during pre-gestational and gestational periods may result in long-term alterations in metabolism and behavior. The contribution of the endocannabinoid system to these long-term adaptive responses is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of female rat exposure to a hypercaloric-hypoproteic palatable diet during pre-gestational, gestational and lactational periods on the development of male offspring. In addition, the hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoid contents at birth and the behavioral performance in adulthood were investigated. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in low weight offspring who exhibited low hypotha…

0301 basic medicine:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Phenotype [Medical Subject Headings]hippocampus:Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Postpartum Period::Lactation [Medical Subject Headings]Anxiety:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Fat Distribution::Adiposity [Medical Subject Headings]Hippocampus:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Feeding Behavior::Food Preferences [Medical Subject Headings]Open fieldBehavioral NeuroscienceOleoylethanolamidechemistry.chemical_compound:Named Groups::Persons::Parents::Mothers [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicineLactation:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Maternal Exposure [Medical Subject Headings]maternal diethypothalamusMasculinoOriginal Research:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Nutrition Processes::Weaning [Medical Subject Headings]Adipogenesis:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons Acyclic::Alkenes::Polyunsaturated Alkamides [Medical Subject Headings]AnandamideanxietyEndocannabinoid systemEtanolaminasEndocannabinoidesExposición maternaAlcamidas poliinsaturadasNeuropsychology and Physiological Psychologymedicine.anatomical_structureAdiposidad:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Fatty Acids Monounsaturated::Oleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]CannabinoidesEmocionesGestationDieta:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Hormones Hormone Substitutes and Hormone Antagonists::Hormones::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]Fenotipo:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Terpenes::Cannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Palmitic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Arachidonic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_specialtyOffspringCognitive NeurosciencePreferencias alimentariasHypothalamus:Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings]Development:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings]Biologylcsh:RC321-571adipogenesisÁcidos oléicosAnsiedadRatas03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineHipocampomedicineMaternal diet:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]endocannabinoids:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Emotions::Anxiety [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatrydevelopmentÁcido araquidónicoCacaoPalmitoylethanolamideLactancia:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistryDestete:Organisms::Eukaryota::Plants::Viridiplantae::Streptophyta::Embryophyta::Angiosperms::Sterculiaceae::Cacao [Medical Subject Headings]:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Emotions [Medical Subject Headings]MadresGlicéridosÁcidos palmíticos030217 neurology & neurosurgeryEndocannabinoidsNeuroscienceFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
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Prenatal Ambient Air Pollution, Placental Mitochondrial DNA Content, and Birth Weight in the INMA (Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (Belgium) Birth Cohorts

2016

The research leading to these results was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-PI11/00610, FIS-PI041436, FIS-PI081151, FIS-PI042018, and FIS-PI09/02311), the European Union (EU) (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041, FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 09/02647, 11/01007, 11/02591, CP11/00178, FIS-PI06/0867, and FIS-PS09/00090), the Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana, the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT (1999SGR 00241), the Obre Social Cajastur, the Universidad de Oviedo, the Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093 and 2009111069),…

0301 basic medicinePediatrics:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight::Birth Weight [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Growth and Development::Morphogenesis::Embryonic and Fetal Development::Fetal Development [Medical Subject Headings]Health Toxicology and MutagenesisPlacentaEspañaPhysiology:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Growth Disorders::Fetal Growth Retardation [Medical Subject Headings]ADN mitocondrial010501 environmental sciencesMitochondrion01 natural sciencesFetal DevelopmentBélgicaPregnancyBirth Weightskin and connective tissue diseasesPeso al nacerNews | Science SelectionsMitocondrias:Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Mitochondria [Medical Subject Headings]2. Zero hunger:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings]Air PollutantsAmbient air pollutionAire -- ContaminacióFemenino3. Good healthmedicine.anatomical_structureMaternal ExposureFemaleBirth cohort:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Air Pollution [Medical Subject Headings]Mitochondrial DNAmedicine.medical_specialtyModelos LinealesEmbarazoBirth weightInfants -- DesenvolupamentBiology:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Gases::Nitrogen Oxides::Nitrogen Dioxide [Medical Subject Headings]DNA Mitochondrial:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Genome::Genome Components::Genes::Genes Mitochondrial [Medical Subject Headings]03 medical and health sciencesAir pollutantsPlacentaAir PollutionmedicineHumans:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Belgium [Medical Subject Headings]:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Models Statistical::Linear Models [Medical Subject Headings]Contaminación del aire0105 earth and related environmental sciencesRetardo del crecimiento fetal:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids::DNA::DNA Circular::DNA Mitochondrial [Medical Subject Headings]Genes mitocondrialesPregnancyPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthDesarrollo fetalmedicine.disease:Anatomy::Embryonic Structures::Placenta [Medical Subject Headings]030104 developmental biology:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]13. Climate actionSpainsense organsDióxido de nitrógeno
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Patients' and physicians' preferences for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatments in Spain and Portugal: a discrete choice experiment.

2015

Objective: To assess Spanish and Portuguese patients' and physicians' preferences regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatments and the monthly willingness to pay (WTP) to gain benefits or avoid side effects. Methods: An observational, multicenter, exploratory study focused on routine clinical practice in Spain and Portugal. Physicians were recruited from multiple hospitals and outpatient clinics, while patients were recruited from eleven centers operating in the public health care system in different autonomous communities in Spain and Portugal. Preferences were measured via a discrete choice experiment by rating multiple T2DM medication attributes. Data were analyzed using the cond…

:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Portugal [Medical Subject Headings]cardiovascular riskHbA1cendocrine system diseases:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass Index [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Hypoglycemia [Medical Subject Headings]:Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings]:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]:Named Groups::Persons::Occupational Groups::Health Personnel::Physicians [Medical Subject Headings]HbA(1c)HbA:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Body Weight::Body Weight Changes::Weight Loss [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases [Medical Subject Headings]preferences:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings]diabetesnutritional and metabolic diseasesPeso corporalweightPérdida de peso:Health Care::Health Care Facilities Manpower and Services::Health Facilities::Ambulatory Care Facilities [Medical Subject Headings]Diabetes mellitus tipo 2:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms Digestive::Nausea [Medical Subject Headings]hypoglycemia:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Models Statistical::Logistic Models [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Hypoglycemic Agents [Medical Subject Headings]Enfermedades cardiovascularesHipoglucemiawillingness to pay:Check Tags [Medical Subject Headings]discrete choice model
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A study of insulin resistance using the minimal model in nondiabetic familial combined hyperlipidemic patients.

1998

The presence of insulin resistance in 20 male nondiabetic patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) and 20 controls of similar age and body mass index (BMI) was investigated using the minimal model method modified by the administration of insulin and an oral glucose tolerance test. The peripheral sensitivity of insulin, expressed as the insulin sensitivity index (Si), was 1.91 ± 1.05 and 2.86 ± 1.19 × 10−4 · min−1 · mU/L in FCH patients and controls, respectively (P < .01), and the corresponding value for the peripheral utilization of glucose independently of insulin (Sg) was 1.70 ± 1.13 in FCH patients and 2.35 ± 0.60 × 10−2 · min−1 in controls (P < .02). In the FCH group, the S…

AdultBlood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyEndocrinology Diabetes and Metabolismmedicine.medical_treatmentHyperlipidemia Familial CombinedFatty Acids NonesterifiedBody Mass IndexEndocrinologyWaist–hip ratioInsulin resistanceStatistical significanceInternal medicinemedicineDiabetes MellitusHumansInsulinObesityPancreatic hormoneTriglyceridesApolipoproteins Bbusiness.industryInsulinCholesterol HDLArea under the curveAge FactorsMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseObesityEndocrinologyGlucoseCase-Control StudiesBody ConstitutionInsulin ResistancebusinessBody mass indexMetabolism: clinical and experimental
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Hemostatic function in young subjects with central obesity: relationship with left ventricular function.

1995

This study was designed to evaluate coagulation and fibrinolysis activity and their relationship with left ventricular function in young obese subjects with central fat distribution. We assessed coagulation and fibrinolysis activity by evaluation of factor VII activity, fibrinogen and plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and tissue plasminogen activator antigen basally (tPA1) and after venous occlusion (tPA2). These measures were evaluated in young (< 40 years) obese subjects with central fat distribution (n = 19) and in comparable lean subjects (n = 20). Blood glucose, triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A1 and apo B, fas…

AdultBlood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtySettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaApolipoprotein BEndocrinology Diabetes and Metabolismmedicine.medical_treatmentFibrinogenVentricular Function LeftSettore MED/15 - Malattie Del Sanguechemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologyWaist–hip ratioInternal medicineFibrinolysismedicineHumansInsulinObesityHemostatic functionBlood CoagulationApolipoproteins ATriglyceridesApolipoproteins BHemostasisbiologybusiness.industryCholesterolCholesterol HDLFibrinogenCentral obesity Hemostatic function left ventricular functionPlasminogenFactor VIISettore MED/11 - Malattie Dell'Apparato CardiovascolarePlasminogen InactivatorsEndocrinologychemistrybiology.proteinBody ConstitutionRegression AnalysisFemalebusinessPlasminogen activatormedicine.drugLipoproteinMetabolism: clinical and experimental
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Central obesity and hypertensionThe role of plasma endothelin

1996

Hypertension and central obesity are two conditions closely linked, but the mechanisms responsible for obesity-associated hypertension are still unclear. In the last few years, several studies addressed the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the development and maintenance of hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate plasma ET-1 in normotensive and hypertensive central obese subjects compared with a lean healthy group. Our final goal was to analyze the relationship between plasma ET-1, blood pressure, and left ventricular structure and function in central obese subjects (both normotensives and hypertensives). ET-levels have been assessed by the radioimmunoassay method in 20 lean normote…

AdultMalemedicine.hormoneMean arterial pressuremedicine.medical_specialtyAmbulatory blood pressureMegalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cystsRadioimmunoassayBody Mass IndexEndothelinsVentricular Dysfunction LeftHeart RateInternal medicineInternal MedicinemedicineHumansRadionuclide AngiographyEndothelin-1business.industryStroke VolumeStroke volumeBlood Pressure Monitoring Ambulatorymedicine.diseaseBody HeightObesity MorbidMean blood pressureBlood pressureEndocrinologyEchocardiographyHypertensionBody ConstitutionRegression AnalysisFemalebusinessBody mass indexAmerican Journal of Hypertension
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